- Silvano Abbà, modern pentathlete who won a bronze medal at the 1936 Summer Olympics
- Jasmin Agić, former football player who played for Dinamo Zagreb and Croatia's national football team, son-in-law of Srećko Juričić
- Danijel Aleksić, footballer currently playing for İstanbul Başakşehir F.K. and Serbia national football team; individually he won a UEFA European Under-17 Championship Golden Player Award in 2008; with clubs he won the 2019–20 Süper Lig
- Mario Andretti, former racing driver; won the Formula One Championship in 1978
- Andretti family, John, Jeff, Michael and his son Marco all competed in major racing championships and sports races. Most notably, Michael won a CART championship, and a 3rd place at the 1993 Italian F1 Grand Prix. They all descend from Istrian-Italian immigrant to the U.S. Mario Andretti.
- Nino Benvenuti, boxer, won gold at the 1960 Summer Olympics and two European Amateur Championships, and as a professional the EBU Middleweight Title and the WBA and WBC super welterweight and middleweight titles
- Lorena Beučić, former handball player, played for the Yugoslav national team; won the 1977 Junior World Championship with Yugoslavia
- Mark Bresciano, former professional footballer and one of the most capped players for Australia, born to a Croatian Istrian mother in Melbourne
- Mario Brnjac, footballer, one of the key defenders for Rijeka during much of the 1960s and the early 1970s
- Damir Burić, water polo player, won the gold with Croatia at the 2012 Summer Olympics, and the silver at the 2016 Summer Olympics
- Giovanni Cernogoraz, sports shooter, won the gold at the 2012 Summer Olympics in Men's trap
- Lino Červar, former handball coach; in 2003 guided Croatia men's national handball team to a gold at the 2003 World Championship; won the gold at the 2004 Olympics; won two silvers at the World Cup, three silvers and two bronzes at the Europeans, one gold and two bronzes at the Mediterranean Games
- Giovanni Delise, rower who won a gold medal at the 1928 Summer Olympics together with Giliante D'Este, Renato Petronio and Nicolò Vittori. They were all from Isola (Izola), and won also several European Championships.
- Giliante D'Este, won gold medal in 1928 with the Isola team; won bronze medal at the 1932 Summer Olympics (coxless four)
- Luigi De Manincor, sailor, won a gold medal at the 1936 Summer Olympics
- Samanta Fabris, volleyball player, won an Italian League with Imoco Volley, the 2018 Mediterranean Games with Croatia, as well as a bronze at the 2013 Mediterranean Games and silver at the 2019 European League
- Evelina Galo, former handball player, played for Yugoslavia's national handball team
- Suzana Golja, former handball player, played for the Croatian national team
- Dario Hübner, former football player, became the oldest Serie A Capocannoniere in the 2001–02 Serie A
- Valner Franković, former handball player;won two Croatian Premier Leagues and two Cups with RK Zagreb, with which he reached the 1995 final of the Champions League
- Matea Ikić, volleyball player, currently playing for Kuzeyboru Spor Kulübü and the Croatian national team
- Vinko Jelovac, Yugoslav basketball player; with Yugoslavia he won the 1970 World Cup, as well as the 1973, 1975, and 1977 EuroBasket; won the 1971 Mediterranean Games, and a silver at the 1976 Summer Olympics
- Željko Jerkov, former basketball player; represented Yugoslavia at the 1976 and 1980 Summer Olympics, winning a silver and a gold, respectively; won the 1978 FIBA World Championship in the Philippines, as well as three EuroBaskets
- Gordana Jurcan, former volleyball player, won the 1993 Mediterranean Games with Croatia, as well as a silver at the 1995 European Championship; with Rijeka she won two Croatian Leagues and two Cups
- Igor Jurković, The Istrian Warrior, heavyweight kickboxer, six times Croatian national champion, winner of K-1 Le Grand Tournoi in Paris and FFC Light Heavyweight World Champion, once ranked #8 in the world
- Srećko Juričić, former football player, won two Yugoslav Cups with HNK Rijeka, considered one of Rijeka's greatest players of all time; currently the sporting director of HNK Rijeka
- Karmen Kokot, former handball player, played for Yugoslavia women's national handball team
- Igor Marenić, professional sailor, won the gold at the 2016 Summer Olympics; the 2009 World Championships, and three European Championships (2009, 2011, 2012)
- Matjaž Markič, swimmer who won several medals at the European Championships, and a bronze at the 2005 Mediterranean Games
- Fran Mileta, handball player playing for Nexe and Croatia's national team
- Anđelo Milevoj, former football player widely regarded as HNK Rijeka's best defender of all time
- Diego Modrušan, former handball player for the Croatian national team; won the gold at the 2001 Mediterranean Games with Croatia
- Tereza Mrdeža, tennis player
- Alvaro Načinović, former handball player born in Rijeka, who represented both Croatia and Yugoslavia; won a bronze at the 1988 Summer Olympics; representing Croatia he won the gold at the 1996 Summer Olympics, a silver at the 1995 World Cup and a bronze at the 1994 Euro Cup
- Sandro Nicević, basketball player, won a silver with Croatia at the FIBA U18 European Championship; played at EuroBasket 1997, EuroBasket 2003, EuroBasket 2009, and represented Croatia at the 2008 Olympics
- Ornela Paliska, former handball player, won the 1977 Women's Junior World Handball Championship with Yugoslavia
- Abdon Pamich, race walker born in Rijeka (Fiume) who won the gold medal at the 1964 Summer Olympics competing for Italy
- Igor Pamić, former football player, played for the Croatian national football team
- Mate Parlov, boxer, European Amateur Champion in 1971 and 1973; World Amateur Champion in 1974, and gold medalist at the 1912 Summer Olympicsl as a professional, he won the EBU Light Heavyweight title in 1976, and the WBC Light Heavyweight Title in 1978; born in Split, but raised in Pula, where he moved in his childhood
- Toni Perković, basketball player playing for Split and Croatia's national football team
- Adriana Prosenjak, former handball player, played for both Yugoslavia and the Croatian national team; first captain of Croatia, winning the 1993 Mediterranean Games; named best player of Croatia in 1993, and also won the Croatian and Italian club championships and the 1991 EHF Cup
- Andrej Prskalo, football player playing for HNK Rijeka and Croatia's national football team
- Mladen Prskalo, former handball player, played for the Croatian national team
- Rene Sain, volleyball player, currently playing for RC Cannes and the Croatian national team; won the 2018 Mediterranean Games with Croatia, and a silver at the 2019 European League
- Ingrid Siscovich, former volleyball player, won a silver at the 1997 Junior European Championship and a silver at the 1999 European Championship representing Croatia
- Damir Skomina, UEFA Elite category football referee, officiated at the 2017 UEFA Europa League Final and the 2019 UEFA Champions League Final
- Simon Sluga, professional footballer currently playing for Luton and the Croatian national team
- Giovanni Steffè, rower, won silver medal at the 1948 Summer Olympics in coxed pair
- Agostino Straulino, sailor; together with Nicolò Rode, won a gold and a silver medal at the Summer Olympics
- Roberto Sošić, former handball player, played for the Yugoslav national team
- Luka Stepančić, handball player, competed for Croatia in the 2013, 2015, 2017 and 2019 World Championships, as well as the 2018 and 2020 European Championships, winning the silver in 2020; represented Croatia at the 2016 Summer Olympics, won the Croatian and French championships, and reached the final of the Champions League with PSG
- Vanja Udovičić, Serbian water polo player, Ministry of Youth and Sports of Serbia, who won several medals at the summer Olympics, several European Championships, and two World Championships; father was from Istria, both of Slavic and Italian descent
- Sven Ušić, Yugoslav basketball player; represented Yugoslavia at EuroBasket 1985, playing eight games
- Gašper Vinčec, sailor who won a bronze at the 2007 World Championships
- Antonio Vojak, professional footballer who played for Juventus F.C. and Naples; won the 1925–26 Serie A with Juventus, and with 102 goals with Naples is the club's top goalscorer of all time
- Vasilij Žbogar, sailor born in Koper; won two silvers and a bronze at the Olympic Games
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