Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol

The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet represents Emilian-Romagnol pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see , and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Sounds are listed for the most common occurrences throughout the dialectal continuum. For practical reasons, all examples listed are spelled in Bolognese.

See Emilian dialects and Romagnol dialects for more information on the sounds of this language.

Consonants
IPA Examples English approximation
b barbutlêr, lâber bounce
d dimónndi, quadēren dance
dz ónngia, gêra, dṡdétta, żôbia, żåuven, żâl, żnêr dress
ð żôbia, żåuven, żâl, żnêr, żtêr then
f fidózzia, sfrîṡ fancy
ɡ ghêṡg, żuglén gas
k cardänza, alchêr, qualónc scald
l limalén less
ʎ viżégglia, al gnôc trillion
m mumiêr, nómm mess
ɱ cunfêt circumvent
n scrâna, mândga, cróṅna nest
ŋ pinån, ganba, cróṅna, dänt, diavlén thing
ɲ Bulåggna, Germâgna vineyard
p pdôć, grópp Spencer
ʁ ~ ʀ ~ r rànnder, curtêl trilled r or Northumbrian burr
s Sasōl, scusêr, pass, zénc, Piaṡänza, zassta, arzàvver between press and pressure
t tetôja, mât stance
ts cucêr, cîṡa, dscårrer, znêr, zassta, arzàvver stress
θ zénc, Piaṡänza, znêr, zassta, arzàvver thin
v tvâja, ōv, Mântva, quarcén, ridéccuel verse
z aṡà, scuṡêr, ṡvedaiṡ, żåuven, żâl, żnêr, żtêr between seize and seizure
Semivowels
IPA Examples English approximation
j supiêr, fiûr, marâja yet
w quarcén, ridéccuel wet
Suprasegmentals
IPA Examples Explanation
ˈ raṡån [rɐˈzʌŋː] primary stress
ˌ levapiât [ˌlɛvɐˈpjaːt] secondary stress
. riasónt [ri.ɐˈsoŋːt] syllable break
ː insónni [iŋˈsonːi] geminated consonant
Vowels
IPA Examples English approximation
Short vowels
a ~ ɐ maravajja, laggn, spass, dialàtt, pêder, påzz, dåǵǵ, curâǵ bad (Scotland)
æ sänper bad
ʌ pizån, curåṅna, månd, påzz, dåǵǵ bud
e pêder, brevàtt, sänper, galéṅna, pêl, lêt, rédder, artéccol bait
ɛ maravajja, laggn, spass, dialàtt, pêl, lêt bet
ə spass, dialàtt banana
i mistēri bit
ɔ riṡôt, pizån, curåṅna, månd cloth
o månd, påzz, dåǵǵ, upurtón, péccol, zóggn, brótt ball (RP), but shorter
u péccol, zóggn, brótt, zucarén, butîr, uṡêl, pruvêr book
y zóggn, brótt, zucarén, butîr book (Scotland)
Long vowels and diphthongs
aː ~ ɐː curâǵ balm
ai̯ ~ ɐi̯ raigla, franzaiṡ, vair, pail bite
æː burdêl, lumêga bad
ʌu̯ anvåud, såul, såura bone (RP)
eː raigla, franzaiṡ, vair, pail, manîra, sîra, lîber bait
ɛː pêl, lêt, burdêl, lumêga bear (RP)
ɛi̯ sänper, galéṅna, vair, pail bait
əi̯ sänper, galéṅna bite (Scotland)
iː rédder, artéccol, manîra, sîra, lîber beet
oː pizån, curåṅna, upurtón, Żōrż, ōr, nōv, sōra, fiōl, anvåud, såul, såura ball (RP)
ɔː riṡôt, Żōrż, ōr, nōv, sōra ball (GA)
ɔu̯ pizån, curåṅna, anvåud, såul, såura bowl
øː nōv, sōra, fiōl bird (RP)
øi̯ upurtón bite (Scotland)
uː anvåud, såul, såura, angûria, mnûd booty
yː angûria, mnûd beauty
  1. Consonant and semivowel lengthening (occurring in certain dialects after stressed short vowels) is represented in IPA by either doubling the consonant or through the ⟨ː⟩ marker (e.g. cràdder [ˈkradder]/[ˈkradːer]).
  2. /dz/, /z/, /ts/, /s/ are most commonly [dð̠], [ð̠]~[ʐ], [tθ̠], [θ̠]~[ʂ], often with labialization.
  3. As in most Northern Italian languages, Emilian-Romagnol nasals do not generally assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant, differently from what happens in standard Italian. [ŋ] is used in all nasal plus consonant clusters, with the only exceptions being [ɱ] before /f/~/v/ and (only in a few cases) [n̪] before dentals /t/~/d/ (the latter being here transcribed ⟨n⟩ for simplicity).
  4. In Piacentino, /ŋ/ is silent in syllable coda after [əi̯].
  5. /v/ is realized as [bv] or [pf] in certain instances in Mirandolese, while post- or pre-consonantal /w/ may result in [v] in Reggiano, Romagnol and some other dialects.
  6. Vowel length is distinctive in stressed position (with long vowels occurring only in such contexts), however it may not always be the same throughout the dialects (vowels that are long in certain places may be short somewhere else, and vice versa). Sometimes vowels may also result in diphthongs, or (especially /e/) be dropped if unstressed.
  7. [a] and [ɐ] are in varying distribution according to the dialect; however, the first is often stressed while the latter is predominantly unstressed.
  8. Always stressed.
  9. Only occurring in Bolognese.
  10. Only occurring in Piacentino.
  11. In Romagnol dialects, /eː/ and /oː/ are generally [eə̯] and [oə̯] (if followed by a nasal or a liquid [eɪ̯] and [oʊ̯]), while /ɛː/ and /ɔː/ tend more to [ɛɐ̯] and [ɔɐ̯].

See also

  • Category:Pages with Emilian IPA (36)
  • Category:Pages with Romagnol IPA (5)

External links

  • Foresti, Fabio. "emiliano-romagnoli, dialetti" [Emilian-Romagnol dialects]. Enciclopedia Treccani (in Italian).