Central Plains Mandarin
Central Plains Mandarin | |
---|---|
Zhongyuan Guanhua | |
Region | Yellow River Plain |
Native speakers |
(170 million cited 1982) |
Chinese characters, Xiao'erjing (historical) | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
ISO 639-6 | zgyu |
cmn-zho |
|
Glottolog |
huab1238 Central Plain Guanhuazhon1236 Zhongyuan |
Linguasphere | 79-AAA-bf |
Central Plains Mandarin, or Zhongyuan Mandarin (simplified Chinese: 中原官话; traditional Chinese: 中原官話; pinyin: Zhōngyuán Guānhuà), is a variety of Mandarin Chinese spoken in the central and southern parts of Shaanxi, Henan, southwestern part of Shanxi, southern part of Gansu, far southern part of Hebei, northern Anhui, northern parts of Jiangsu, southern Xinjiang and southern Shandong.
The archaic dialect in Peking opera is a form of Zhongyuan Mandarin.
Among Hui people, Zhongyuan Mandarin is sometimes written with the Arabic alphabet, called Xiao'erjing ("Children's script").
Subdialects
- Zheng-Kai (鄭開) region: e.g. Kaifeng (開封) dialect, Zhengzhou (鄭州) dialect
- Luo-Song (洛嵩) region: e.g. Luoyang dialect (洛陽話)
- Nan-Lu (南魯) region: e.g. Nanyang (南陽) dialect
- Luo-Xiang (漯項) region: e.g. Zhumadian (駐馬店) dialect
- Shang-Fu (商阜) region: e.g. Shangqiu (商丘) dialect, Fuyang (阜陽) dialect
- Xin-Beng (信蚌) region: e.g. Xinyang (信陽) dialect, Bengbu (蚌埠) dialect
- Yan-He (兗菏) region: e.g. Jining (濟寧) dialect
- Xu-Huai (徐淮) region: e.g. Xuzhou dialect (徐州話)
- Fenhe (汾河) region: e.g. Linfen (臨汾) dialect, Wanrong (萬榮) dialect
- Guanzhong region (关中), e.g. Xi'an (西安) dialect
- Qin-Long (秦陇) region: e.g. Xining (西寧) dialect, Dunhuang (敦煌) dialect
- Longzhong (陇中) region: e.g. Tianshui (天水) dialect, Dingxi (定西) dialect
- Hezhou (河州) Region: e.g. Gangou dialect (甘溝話) (influenced by Monguor)
-
Nanjiang (南疆) Region: e.g. Yanqi dialect, Tulufan dialect
- Dungan language, written in Cyrillic, introduced many Russian loanwords, spoken mainly in Chu Valley and Fergana Valley in Central Asia
Phonology
In Central Plains Mandarin, some phonological changes have affected certain syllables but not Standard Chinese.
[p] and [pʰ] have shifted to [p͜f] before the vowel [u].
布 | 跛 | 坡 | 樸 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Middle Chinese Initial | [p] | [p] | [pʰ] | [pʰ] |
Pinyin | bù | bǒ | pō | pǔ |
Standard Mandarin | [pû] | [pwò] | [pʰwó] | [pʰù] |
Central Plains Mandarin | [p͜fu] | [p͜fo] | [p͜fʰo] | [p͜fʰu] |
Standard Mandarin's [t͡ʂ], [t͡ʂʰ] and have shifted to [p͜f] before [u]. [ʂ] has shifted to [f] before [u].
豬 | 初 | 书 | 熟 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Middle Chinese Initial | [ʈ] | [t͡ʃʰ] | [ɕ] | [ʑ] |
Pinyin | zhū | chū | shū | shú |
Standard Mandarin | [ʈʂú] | [ʈʂʰú] | [ʂú] | [ʂǔ] |
Central Plains Mandarin | [p͜fu] | [p͜fu] | [fu] | [fu] |
See also
- Zhongyuan culture
- Central Plains (China), also called "Zhongyuan"