19th Chess Olympiad

Official Logo of the Siegen Olympiad

The 19th Chess Olympiad (German: Die 19. Schacholympiade), comprising an open team tournament as well as the annual FIDE congress, took place between September 5–27, 1970, in Siegen, West Germany.

The Soviet team with six Grandmasters, led by world champion Boris Spassky, lived up to expectations and won their tenth consecutive gold medal, although only by a single point, with Hungary and Yugoslavia taking the silver and bronze, respectively.

Tournament report

Held at the Siegerland Hall venue, a total of 64 nations applied to enter the tournament. Unfortunately, space constraints and FIDE's intended model format meant that only 60 could be accommodated. It was then found that four teams were to have their applications rejected on the grounds that they had missed the deadline. These four teams were: Argentina, France, Ecuador, and Venezuela. When Panama withdrew their application, Argentina took their place.

The tournament was run as a two-stage round-robin. Six preliminary groups of 10 teams each determined the composition of five Finals of 12 teams each, with the top two from each group ending up in Final A etc. Several unsatisfactory aspects of this system were voiced, however, and they manifested themselves in a variety of ways.

Firstly, the pressure was raised to fever pitch at a very early stage in the proceedings. A single poor result in the preliminaries could condemn a team to a low final group. All this proved too much for England's top player, Jonathan Penrose, who in his crucial last-round preliminary match, blundered a piece and fainted from the shock. A nervous player at the best of times, he was retired from the rest of the contest on medical grounds and England ended up in Group C, below their seeding, which they then went on to win by a hefty margin.

The Sunday Times reported several instances of cheating. For example, in the Indonesia versus Switzerland preliminary match, a player moved his queen next to the opponent's king with check. Capturing the queen with the king was forced and so the player made the move for his opponent, declaring stalemate and shaking hands all in one movement. His dazed opponent ended up signing the scoresheet before recovering his wits and realizing (too late) that it was not a stalemate at all.

It was possible for strong teams, sitting comfortably in favourable qualification spots, to not try as hard as they might have in other circumstances. Such actions could influence the qualification process below them and, as a deliberate ploy, could have assisted in assigning a strong rival to a lower final group.

Then there was the whole question of apartheid. Albania decided to forfeit their game against South Africa as a protest against racial segregation and so lost 4–0. Naturally, this meant that the whole group dynamic was lost and the resulting placings somewhat distorted. Some teams and a small number of strong players did not compete at all as a protest against the participation of the South African team.

The teams competed for the Hamilton-Russell Cup. Matches were scored by game points, with match points being used in the event of a tie-break. The Chief Referee was International Arbiter Harry de Graaf. A total of 360 players took part, including 35 grandmasters and 66 international masters.

Spassky versus Fischer

As was customary, the FIDE congress was also held during the Olympiad and the major news concerned the retirement of President Folke Rogard after 21 years of service. He was to be replaced by former World Champion Max Euwe and this appeared to be a universally popular decision. Another important issue was the presentation of a proposed new system for the awarding GM and IM titles; the congress adopted in full the report submitted by a committee comprising top player Svetozar Gligorić, Professor Arpad Elo and FIDE Vice President Mr. Dorazil.

The tournament was very well attended by the public, particularly on the day that current World Champion Boris Spassky played future champion Bobby Fischer, with an estimated 3000 spectators turning up (Spassky won).

Individual performances

World Champion Boris Spassky took the best score on board one (79.17%) and won a suit as a prize. Bobby Fischer finished a close second with 76.9% and Bent Larsen a close third with 76.5%.

Tigran Petrosian extended his amazing run of unbeaten Olympiad games to 90 (won 58, drawn 32).

Viktor Korchnoi lost only one game - as a result of oversleeping he defaulted to the Spaniard, Diez del Corral. There was no satisfactory explanation as to why (non-playing) team captain Paul Keres or one of Korchnoi's teammates could not have telephoned his room when noticing he was a few minutes late.

Oscar Panno drew a record 15 games; however this may be partially explained by his accommodation. Siegen was a small place and many competitors were housed in the surrounding area. When Korchnoi asked Panno where he was living, his reply was "in a pure field".

Results

Preliminaries

Preliminary head-to-head results were carried over to the finals, so no teams met more than once. All preliminary groups and finals were played as round-robin tournaments. The results were as follows:

  • Group 1:
Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 + = Points
«A» Soviet Union - 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 9 0 0 31
«A» Spain 1 - 2 4 4 4 4 7 1 1 28½
«B» Poland 1 2 - 3 2 3 4 4 5 2 2 24
«B» Australia 1 1 - 3 2 3 4 4 5 3 1 23
«C» Tunisia 1 ½ 2 1 - 1 2 4 3 3 4 2 18
«C» Greece 1 0 ½ 3 - 4 5 4 0 17½
«D» Peru 0 ½ ½ 2 2 - 2 4 4 3 3 3 17½
«D» Dominican Republic 0 0 1 1 0 2 - 2 1 6 2 11
«E» Faroe Islands 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 - 4 1 7 1
«E» Monaco 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 ½ 0 - 0 9 0 1
  • Group 2:
Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 + = Points
«A» Yugoslavia - 4 4 4 4 9 0 0 31½
«A» Canada - 1 2 3 3 4 6 2 1 23
«B» Indonesia ½ 3 - 1 4 4 6 3 0 22½
«B» Mongolia 0 2 - 2 4 3 6 1 2 22
«C» England 1 3 2 - 2 2 3 3 4 4 2 3 21½
«C» Iran ½ ½ 2 - 2 4 4 3 4 2 19½
«D» Switzerland ½ 2 2 - 3 4 3 4 2 18½
«D» Luxembourg 0 1 0 0 1 0 - 3 2 1 7 1
«E» Andorra 0 ½ ½ 1 0 1 1 - 2 0 8 1
«E» Hong Kong 0 0 0 1 0 ½ 0 2 2 - 0 7 2
  • Group 3:
Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 + = Points
«A» East Germany - 3 3 4 4 4 4 9 0 0 30½
«A» United States - 2 3 4 4 4 4 7 1 1 28½
«B» Netherlands 1 2 - 2 4 4 4 4 6 1 2 28
«B» Finland 1 1 2 - 1 2 4 4 4 4 3 2 22½
«C» Belgium ½ 3 - 2 3 4 4 1 19
«C» Brazil ½ 0 0 2 2 - 4 4 3 2 17
«D» Mexico 0 0 ½ 0 - 2 2 2 5 2 12
«D» Japan 0 0 0 0 1 2 - 4 2 6 1 12
«E» Turkey 0 ½ 0 ½ ½ 2 ½ - 3 1 7 1
«E» United States Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 ½ 0 1 - 0 9 0 2
  • Group 4:
Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 + = Points
«A» Romania - 3 4 4 4 7 2 0 26½
«A» Hungary - 2 4 4 8 0 1 26
«B» Denmark - 2 2 4 4 6 1 2 25½
«B» Sweden 1 2 - 2 4 4 4 3 2 22
«C» Philippines 2 ½ - 4 5 3 1 21½
«C» Italy - 2 4 4 4 1 21½
«D» Ireland ½ 2 2 2 - 3 3 3 3 3 19
«D» Lebanon 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 - 3 1 8 0 8
«E» Morocco 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 1 - 2 7 0
«E» Guernsey 0 0 0 0 0 ½ ½ 1 ½ - 0 9 0
  • Group 5:
Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 + = Points
«A» Argentina - 2 2 4 7 0 2 26
«A» Czechoslovakia 2 - 2 2 2 4 4 5 0 4 25½
«B» Israel - 2 4 6 2 1 24½
«B» Cuba 2 2 2 - 3 3 3 6 0 3 22½
«C» Norway 2 - 2 4 3 3 4 3 2 22
«C» Scotland ½ ½ ½ 1 2 - 4 3 3 4 4 4 1 18½
«D» Singapore ½ 2 1 0 0 - 2 2 5 2 14
«D» Portugal 0 ½ 1 1 2 - 4 2 6 1 14
«E» Malta 0 0 0 1 1 1 ½ - 3 1 8 0 8
«E» Rhodesia ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ 0 1 - 0 9 0 5
  • Group 6:
Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 + = Points
«A» West Germany - 2 3 3 4 3 4 8 0 1 29½
«A» Bulgaria 2 - 2 3 4 4 7 0 2 28
«B» Austria ½ - 2 4 4 3 5 3 1 21½
«B» Colombia 1 ½ 2 - 2 3 5 2 2 20½
«C» Iceland 1 2 - 2 3 4 3 4 2 19
«C» Puerto Rico 0 1 0 2 - 3 4 4 1 16
«D» South Africa ½ ½ 0 ½ - 4 4 2 7 0 14
«D» Albania 1 0 2 1 0 - 3 3 5 1 13½
«E» New Zealand ½ ½ ½ 1 - 3 3 6 0 13½
«E» Cyprus 0 0 1 1 0 ½ 0 1 1 - 0 9 0
  • Team Albania refused to play South Africa due to political reasons.

Finals

Final A
# Country Players Points MP Head-
to-head
1 Soviet Union Spassky, Petrosian, Korchnoi, Polugaevsky, Smyslov, Geller 27½
2 Hungary Portisch, Lengyel, Bilek, Forintos, Csom, Ribli 26½
3 Yugoslavia Gligorić, Ivkov, Matulović, Matanović, Parma, Minić 26
4 United States Fischer, Reshevsky, Evans, Benko, Lombardy, Mednis 24½
5 Czechoslovakia Hort, Filip, Jansa, Smejkal, Přibyl, Blatný 23½
6 West Germany Unzicker, Schmid, Darga, Hecht, Mohrlok, Klundt 22
7 Bulgaria Bobotsov, Tringov, Padevsky, Popov, Radulov, Kolarov 21½ 10
8 Argentina Najdorf, Panno, Bolbochán, Quinteros, Rubinetti, Juárez 21½ 10
9 East Germany Uhlmann, Malich, Liebert, Hennings, Zinn, Baumbach 19
10 Romania Gheorghiu, Ciocâltea, Ghițescu, Ungureanu, Mititelu, Reicher 18½
11 Canada Yanofsky, Suttles, Vranesic, Witt, Amos, Fuster 17½
12 Spain Pomar, Díez del Corral, Torán, Medina, Calvo, Bellón López 16
Final B
# Country Players Points MP Head-
to-head
13 Israel Kagan, Kraidman, Peretz, Geller, Gelfer, Bleiman 27
14 Poland Kostro, Doda, Adamski, Schmidt, Bednarski, Filipowicz 25
15 Australia Browne, Fuller, Hamilton, Shaw, Purdy, Koshnitsky 24½
16 Mongolia Myagmarsuren, Üitümen, Lhagva, Zorigt, Jigjidsuren, Gungabazar 23½
17 Sweden Andersson, Jansson, Kinnmark, Liljedahl, Johansson, Olsson 23 13
18 Netherlands Scholl, Ree, Langeweg, Zuidema, Bouwmeester, Hartoch 23 13
19 Denmark Larsen, Petersen, Jakobsen, Moe, Holm, Enevoldsen 22
20 Finland Westerinen, Ojanen, Sirkiä, Koskinen, Lahti, Gostowski 21½
21 Cuba García Martínez, Jiménez, Cobo Arteaga, Hernández, Carlos Diaz, Lebredo Zarragoitia 20
22 Austria Dückstein, Holaszek, Kinzel, Röhrl, Steiner, Janetschek 19½
23 Colombia Rodríguez, Cuéllar, Cuartas, Alzate, de Greiff, Muñoz 18
24 Indonesia Wotulo, Ardiansyah, Rusli, Bachtiar, Bessaria, Hamdan A. H. 17
Final C
# Country Players Points MP
25 England Penrose, Keene, Hartston, Lee, Whiteley, Corden 30
26 Philippines Naranja, Torre, Rodríguez, De Castro, Lobigas, Estimo 27½
27 Iceland Sigurjónsson, Kristinsson, Thorbergsson, Magnússon, Sólmundarson, Angantýsson 26
28 Brazil Câmara, Rocha, Nóbrega, Toth, Resende, Pinto Paiva 25½
29 Norway Johannessen, Hoen, Vinje-Gulbrandsen, Wibe, de Lange, Øgaard 24
30 Italy Tatai, Paoli, Primavera, Zichichi, Cosulich, Romani 22½
31 Greece Siaperas, Vizantiadis, Trikaliotis, Kazilaris, Skalkotas, Papapostolou 20
32 Iran Hemmasi, Mashian, Safvat, Harandi, Ebrahimi, Sharif 19
33 Belgium Boey, Cornelis, Beyen, Schumacher, Van Schoor, Wostyn 18½ 10
34 Scotland Levy, Pritchett, McKay, Bonner, Jamieson, Freeman 18½ 9
35 Tunisia Bouaziz, Belkadi, Kchouk, Amandou, Nouisseri, Lagha 17½
36 Puerto Rico Kaplan, Colón Romero M., Berríos Pagán, Martínez Buitrago, Sacarello, Cintrón 14½
Final D
# Country Players Points MP
37 Switzerland Lombard, Schaufelberger, Gereben, Hohler, Huss, Castagna 29½
38 Albania Pustina, Duraku, Vila, Adhami, Omari, Konçi 28
39 Peru Rodríguez Vargas, Súmar Casis, Quiñones, Vásquez, Espinoza, Miranda 27½
40 Singapore Tan Lian Ann, Lim Kok Ann, Giam Choo Kwee, Lee Chee Seng, Pang Kwok Leong, Leow 26½
41 Portugal Cordovil, Durão, Gilbert, Ribeiro, Santos, Rego 24½
42 Ireland Littleton, Patterson, Moles, Heidenfeld, Henry, Kennefick 23½
43 South Africa Friedgood, Price, Heyns, Griffiths, Dreyer, Bloch 22½
44 Mexico Campos López, Acevedo, Winter Gallegos, Mondragón, Rizo, Terrazas 21
45 Lebanon Sursock, Tarazi, Loheac-Ammoun, Salameh, Bedros, Galeb 17
46 Luxembourg Feller, Stull, Philippe, Schammo, Weber, Milbers 15½
47 Japan Miyasaki, Matsumoto, Higashi, Hoshino I., Nonaka, Arita 15
48 Dominican Republic Belliard Alonzo, Malagón, Yabra, Andujar, Gonzáles, Belliard 13½
Final E
# Country Players Points MP
49 New Zealand Sarapu, Wade, Anderson, Evans C. A., Kerr, Green 36
50 Rhodesia Donnely, Hope, Fox, Lampitt, Bennett, Levy 28 17
51 Turkey İbrahimoğlu, Bilyap, Uzman, Nutku, Öztürk, Günsav 28 16
52 Malta Camilleri, Gouder, Saliba, Sollars, Cilia Vincenti, Pace Floridia 27½
53 Hong Kong Krstic, Kazanski, Hasan, Krouk, Fung Yee Wang, Hasan 26
54 Morocco Kaderi, Belarbi, Marachi, Bouadid, Kattani, Bendriss 25
55 Faroe Islands Petersen, Olsen, Midjord, Thomsen, Vilhelm, Durhuus 19
56 Andorra Ulvestad, Clua Ballague, Calderó, Sanz, Pantebre Martínez, Grimpera 18
57 Cyprus Avgousti, Kleopas, Constantinou, Georgiades G., Hadjittofis, Lantsias 16
58 British Virgin Islands Hook, Hoyt, Abraham, Potter, Scherman, Edwards 15
59 Guernsey Withers, Palmer, Jones, Lainé, Naftel, Bisson 13
60 Monaco Lorinczi Retek, Barriera, Dusclaux, Zapuzek, Scharf, Martelli R. 12½

Final «A»

  • Matches played in semi-finals are italicized.
Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 + = Points
1 Soviet Union - 2 2 2 2 3 3 7 0 4 27½
2 Hungary 2 - 2 3 3 8 1 2 26½
3 Yugoslavia 2 - 2 2 8 0 3 26
4 United States 2 - 2 3 2 5 3 3 24½
5 Czechoslovakia 2 2 2 - 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 6 23½
6 West Germany - 2 2 3 4 5 2 22
7 Bulgaria 2 ½ 3 2 - 2 2 3 3 4 4 21½
8 Argentina 2 1 2 - 3 4 5 2 21½
9 East Germany 1 1 2 2 2 - 2 2 1 5 5 19
10 Romania 2 1 2 - 2 1 7 3 18½
11 Canada ½ 1 2 ½ 2 2 - 2 6 3 17½
12 Spain 1 1 1 1 2 - 1 9 1 16

Final «B»

  • Matches played in semi-finals are italicized.
Country 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 + = Points
13 Israel - 3 3 3 2 2 2 3 7 1 3 27
14 Poland - 3 2 0 2 3 6 3 2 25
15 Australia 1 - 1 3 3 6 5 0 24½
16 Mongolia 1 ½ - 2 3 3 3 2 6 3 2 23½
17 Sweden 1 ½ - 2 3 2 2 5 3 3 23
18 Netherlands 1 2 3 2 - 2 2 2 4 2 5 23
19 Denmark 2 ½ 1 2 - 3 3 ½ 5 4 2 22
20 Finland 4 1 1 2 1 - 3 4 6 1 21½
21 Cuba 2 2 1 1 2 1 - 3 2 2 2 4 5 20
22 Austria 2 ½ 2 ½ 1 - 2 2 6 3 19½
23 Colombia 1 2 1 2 2 - 1 7 3 18
24 Indonesia 1 1 2 2 ½ 2 ½ - 2 6 3 17

Final «C»

  • Matches played in semi-finals are italicized.
Country 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 + = Points
25 England - 3 3 2 2 4 3 3 8 1 2 30
26 Philippines 1 - 2 1 4 3 3 7 3 1 27½
27 Iceland 1 2' - 3 3 2 3 2 6 2 3 26
28 Brazil 1 - 2 2 2 3 3 7 1 3 25½
29 Norway 2 3 1 - 1 3 2 2 5 3 3 24
30 Italy 2 3 - 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 22½
31 Greece ½ 2 1 2 - 2 2 3 3 2 2 4 5 20½
32 Iran 2 1 2 2 2 - 1 2 1 5 5 19
33 Belgium 0 0 2 2 - 2 2 3 4 4 18½
34 Scotland ½ 1 ½ 1 2 2 1 2 - 3 3 3 5 3 18½
35 Tunisia 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 - 3 2 8 1 17½
36 Puerto Rico 1 ½ 2 ½ 1 2 2 2 1 1 - 0 7 4 14½

Final «D»

  • Matches played in semi-finals are italicized.
Country 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 + = Points
37 Switzerland - 2 3 2 3 3 3 8 1 2 29½
38 Albania - 2 2 3 0 3 3 4 7 2 2 28
39 Peru 2 - 2 2 3 3 2 7 0 4 27½
40 Singapore 2 2 - 2 2 3 2 5 1 5 26½
41 Portugal 1 2 - 3 2 1 2 3 4 4 4 3 24½
42 Ireland 2 1 2 2 1 - 3 2 2 4 2 5 23½
43 South Africa 1 4 2 2 ½ - 1 3 3 3 4 5 2 22½
44 Mexico ½ 1 1 ½ 3 3 - 3 2 4 4 6 1 21
45 Lebanon 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 - 3 2 2 7 2 17
46 Luxembourg ½ 2 1 2 1 1 - 1 1 8 2 15½
47 Japan 1 0 ½ 0 2 2 1 - 2 2 6 3 15
48 Dominican Republic ½ ½ 2 ½ ½ 1 0 2 3 2 - 1 7 3 13½

Final «E»

  • Matches played in semi-finals are italicized.
Country 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 + = Points
49 New Zealand - 4 3 2 2 4 3 4 9 0 2 36
50 Rhodesia 0 - 2 1 4 8 2 1 28
51 Turkey ½ 2 - 3 4 2 3 3 3 7 2 2 28
52 Malta 1 3 - 2 2 2 3 3 3 7 1 3 27½
53 Hong Kong 2 1 2 - 3 3 2 3 3 3 6 2 3 26
54 Morocco 2 2 1 - 1 3 5 4 2 25
55 Faroe Islands 0 ½ 0 2 1 3 - 1 2 2 4 3 5 3 19
56 Andorra ½ ½ ½ 1 2 3 - 3 2 3 6 2 18
57 Cyprus 1 ½ 2 ½ 2 1 - 3 1 8 2 16
58 British Virgin Islands ½ 0 1 ½ 1 1 2 1 - 3 2 8 1 15
59 Guernsey 0 1 1 1 ½ ½ ½ - 2 2 8 1 13
60 Monaco ½ 1 1 1 1 ½ 0 2 1 2 - 1 8 2 12½


Individual medals

Best game

The 'Best Game' prize went to Lothar Schmid (West Germany) - Anton Kinzel (Austria) from the preliminaries.